Decorative wood burning is an art that appeared in 700 BC. e. In one form or another met almost all nations. Homeland - Peru. It came to Russia at the end of the 20th century. The technique was used to decorate nesting dolls.
The first wood burning tool worked on gasoline. Due to this fuel, the platinum needle was heated. The master, burning a pattern on a wooden surface, was forced to constantly provide fuel supply by operating the foot pedal.
Burning was replaced by decorative painting. The technique that many people loved was faded into the shade, although the craftsmen devoted to their craft continued to decorate caskets, chests, jugs, and other wooden objects.
Modern tool
In the USSR, needlework circles were widespread. Pupils began to attend mass wood burning lessons for beginners. Many people can now find a beautifully decorated cutting board in the kitchen. With the advent of the device of a new sample, burning became affordable and safe. The scope of use of the device has gradually expanded. With it, they began to decorate leather, textiles, bone surfaces, paper.
The simplest electric burner consists of:
- step-down transformer;
- handles;
- nozzles of various types: feathers, filaments.
An electric burner does not always satisfy with structural and functional filling. Some people prefer to replace the built-in rheostat with a more reliable laboratory transformer, which allows more efficient burning of paintings with different tone intensities.
Where to begin
It is necessary to begin the process with acquaintance with the intricacies of applied art. You need to learn how to choose the right wood material. It is better to give preference to soft hardwood. Poplar, linden, aspen are well suited.
Some tree species can withstand temperatures of 250 ° C, others ignite at 120 ° C. The softer the wood, the better and more comfortable burning is performed.
The board is processed before work. The surface should be flat. After that, using a stencil, pencil or knife with a thin end, the image is transferred. A sketch can also be drawn by hand.
To perform complex patterns, we recommend using carbon paper. To keep the surface of the craft clean and not dirty from carbon paper, the pattern can be transferred to transparent tissue paper. Then fix the picture on a tree or plywood. As an adhesive base, brewed starch or wheat flour is used. Pyrography is performed directly on tissue paper, the sketch is removed after burning.
For beginning artists, master classes are held where you can learn the basics of needlework, get tips. The first work should be a drawing, which does not require special skills. A tool purchased at a specialty store is used. On sale you can find a huge selection of interchangeable brackets for burning out nichrome wire with a diameter of 0.3-1.5 mm. This material tolerates thermal loads well. Tips on a burning soldering iron can be made independently of wire.
Under the working tool, it is necessary to prepare a stand from non-combustible material: a ceramic plate, a mug, a glass from thick glass. You need to turn on the device in advance by putting it on the stand: the nozzles heat up quickly.
Burning Methods
They begin to burn on the board after the soldering element of the pyrograph has heated to the required temperature. Uneven heating of the tip at the time of burning out indicates a malfunction of the tool or the need to change the working nozzle. To avoid overheating of the burner, it must be turned off periodically.
It is impossible to erase or delete the drawn lines - you need to avoid blots, errors. For convenience, the wood is fixed at an angle, the working arm with a burner provides a stable support.
The volume of artwork is given with the help of shades. They are achieved by lines of different thicknesses, different intensity of burning. The faster the red-hot tip moves along the board, the finer the scorched contour. You can adjust the hue of the picture by varying the temperature of the pen. The larger it is, the darker the pattern. It is necessary to burn out easily, without pressure, sudden jolts, long stops.
If you need to draw a stroke at an angle, then it is drawn from top to bottom, do not burn wood to full depth. It is possible to pre-form the recesses with a chisel. Decorate the decorative background of the picture with the help of curly nozzles.
Instructions for beginners
Tips:
- It is necessary to take a comfortable position. The back, neck, hands should not be tired when working. The board is placed on the table so that any part of the drawing can be easily reached.
- It is recommended to start with external lines: errors on them will not be so noticeable (besides they can be polished). Then you should make the transition to the main part of the picture, only after its completion - to the secondary fragments.
Burn at once in several sections of the canvas in turn.
- After burning out, you can colorize the image or varnish it.
Things to remember while working:
- Hand movements must be accurate.
- The speed of the tool on the tree, the intensity of pressing affect the thickness of the line, the color depth.
- Soldering iron tips allow you to get lines of different shapes, thickness.
- The nozzles must be periodically cleaned of carbon with a grinding pad.
- During operation, the pliers should only be touched with pliers.